Digestive system vocabulary

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Word	Transcription	Part of Speech	English Explanation	Vietnamese Meaning	Notes (Examples or Related Words)
Esophagus	/ɪˈsɒfəɡəs/	Noun	The muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach, responsible for moving swallowed food and liquids	Thực quản	Related: esophageal, esophagitis, esophageal sphincter
Stomach	/ˈstʌmək/	Noun	A sac-like organ in which the major part of digestion occurs; it secretes acid and enzymes to break down food	Dạ dày	Example: Gastric acid in the stomach aids in digestion.
Small Intestine	/smɔːl ɪnˈtɛstɪn/	Noun	The part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum	Ruột non	Related: small bowel, nutrient absorption
Large Intestine	/lɑːrdʒ ɪnˈtɛstɪn/	Noun	The last part of the digestive system, responsible for absorbing water and forming feces; includes the cecum, colon, and rectum	Ruột già	Example: The colon is a major part of the large intestine.
Liver	/ˈlɪvər/	Noun	A large, vital organ that processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestine and detoxifies chemicals	Gan	Example: The liver produces bile to help digest fats.
Pancreas	/ˈpæŋkriəs/	Noun	An organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin and glucagon	Tuyến tụy	Related: pancreatic duct, endocrine function
Gallbladder	/ˈɡɔːlˌblædər/	Noun	A small organ that stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed for digesting fatty foods	Túi mật	Example: Gallstones can block the bile duct.
Bile	/baɪl/	Noun	A digestive fluid produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine	Mật	Related: bile acids, bile duct
Duodenum	/ˌdjuːəˈdiːnəm/	Noun	The first section of the small intestine, immediately beyond the stomach, where a significant amount of digestion occurs	Tá tràng	Example: The duodenum receives chyme from the stomach.
Jejunum	/dʒɪˈdʒuːnəm/	Noun	The second part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum, mainly involved in nutrient absorption	Hỗng tràng	Example: The jejunum absorbs most of the nutrients.
Ileum	/ˈɪliəm/	Noun	The third and final part of the small intestine, involved in the absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts	Hồi tràng	Example: The ileum connects to the cecum of the large intestine.
Colon	/ˈkəʊlən/	Noun	The main part of the large intestine, responsible for water absorption and forming stool	Đại tràng	Related: colonic, colorectal
Rectum	/ˈrɛktəm/	Noun	The final section of the large intestine, where feces are stored before being excreted through the anus	Trực tràng	Example: The rectum stores feces until defecation.
Anus	/ˈeɪnəs/	Noun	The opening at the end of the digestive tract through which feces are expelled from the body	Hậu môn	Example: The anus is surrounded by sphincter muscles.
Peristalsis	/ˌpɛrɪˈstælsɪs/	Noun	The wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract	Sự nhu động	Example: Peristalsis helps push food down the esophagus.
Enzyme	/ˈɛnzaɪm/	Noun	A protein that catalyzes chemical reactions in the body, including the breakdown of food in digestion	Enzyme	Example: Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch.
Absorption	/əbˈzɔːrpʃən/	Noun	The process by which nutrients from food are taken into the body’s cells	Sự hấp thụ	Example: Nutrient absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine.
Digestion	/daɪˈdʒɛstʃən/	Noun	The process of breaking down food into smaller components that can be absorbed by the body	Sự tiêu hóa	Example: Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing.
Gastric Juice	/ˈɡæstrɪk dʒuːs/	Noun	A digestive fluid secreted by the stomach, containing hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes	Dịch vị	Example: Gastric juice helps break down proteins.
Villi	/ˈvɪlaɪ/	Noun	Small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption	Nhung mao	Example: Villi are essential for nutrient absorption.
Chyme	/kaɪm/	Noun	The semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine	Dưỡng trấp	Example: Chyme is produced in the stomach.
Pepsin	/ˈpɛpsɪn/	Noun	An enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides	Pepsin	Example: Pepsin is activated by stomach acid.
Mucus	/ˈmjuːkəs/	Noun	A slippery secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes, which protects and lubricates the digestive tract	Chất nhầy	Example: Mucus protects the stomach lining from acid.